帶你看懂2016年6月四六級聽力改革

快樂小蘑菇

　　下面為各位同學帶來2016年6月大學英語四六級開始新大綱解讀。
　　一. 改動在哪里？
　　四級：
　　1. 取消短對話
　　2. 取消單詞及詞組聽寫
　　3. 新增短篇新聞聽力（3段）
　　調整后的四級聽力結構：

四級

　　六級：
　　1. 取消短對話
　　2. 取消單詞及詞組聽寫
　　3. 短文聽力由3篇縮減至2篇
　　4. 新增講座、講話聽力（3篇）
　　調整后的六級聽力結構：

六級

　　至此我們可知，新四六級聽力保留了長對話和短文聽力兩類題型，只在題目數量上有所調整，而此次主要的變動在于新增了四級的“短篇新聞聽力”和六級的“講座/講話聽力”，而且刪除掉了聽寫部分的題型。新增的兩種全新的題型在解題上也對考生們產生了新的要求，接下來請大家和我一起來認識一下這兩種全新題型。

　　二. 四級的“短篇新聞聽力”和六級的“講座/講話聽力”是什么？
　　四級“短篇新聞聽力”：
　　選取短篇幅新聞稿件，作為聽力素材，基于該段新聞的內容，設置單選題，共三段新聞，七道題。
　　從官方提供的樣題中可見其特點：
　　新四級樣題新聞聽力第一段：
　　樣題題干：
　　Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.
　　1. A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.
　　B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
　　C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.
　　D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.
　　2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check.
　　B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning.

　　【題型解讀】
　　題干部分仍舊僅提供選項，從選項內容上看，句子整體的難度無論是在用詞上還是句子結構上，與四級聽力選項一貫的難度是一致的，但是選項中大量出現考生較為陌生的專有名詞，如地名“Somali”，“Kampala”，“Nairobi”等，這些詞不僅形態陌生，而且讀音往往也不好辨認，對考生來說是一個挑戰，并且可以想象，作為新聞稿件，頻繁出現專業名詞、專業說法將成為常規現象，各位考生務必做好準備，第一學會將這些專業名詞符號化，第二進一步加強自己對語音音節構成的認知，正確不讓這些專業名詞在聽力過程中干擾自己。

　　樣題原文：
　　1.Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.

　　The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, 2.but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.
　　1. What is the news report mainly about?B

　　2. When did the incident occur? C

　　【題型解讀】
　　樣題中三篇短篇新聞聽力全部來自BBC，字數最少的一篇為130詞左右，最長的一篇為190詞左右，特點是1.長難句較多，2.大量出現專業名詞或專業性的敘述。

　　由于新聞的內容偏專業性，離日常生活比較遠，聽力難度較之前的短對話無疑是大大增加的，但在這種情況下，選項所涉及的內容和新聞原文的內容一定是高度一致的，能夠最大程度地提供預判素材，所以閱讀選項變得更為重要，結合選項對新聞內容作出大致預判成為聽力過程順暢與否的關鍵。

　　由于新聞稿件有其特殊的行文方式和行文風格，所以考生需要重視日常的新聞素材聽力訓練，第一在文體上，熟悉新聞稿件的形式，第二在聽力感受上，熟悉新聞稿件的聽力特點，縱觀歷年歷次四級考試改革，此次聽力題型改動無疑將四級聽力對考生的要求推向了“聽力能力考查”的巔峰，應試技巧被削弱。

快樂小蘑菇

        六級的“講座/講話聽力：
　　選取講座或演講的錄音作為聽力素材，基于內容設置單選題，一共三篇講座或演講，共10題。從官方提供的樣題中可見其特點：
　　新六級樣題講座/講話聽力第三段：
　　樣題題干：
　　Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
　　23. A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.
　　B) The huge volume of its annual sales.
　　C) The service it provides to its customers.
　　D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.

　　24. A) Those having a taste or smell component.
　　B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.
　　C) Those that require very careful handling.
　　D) Services involving a personal element.

　　25. A) Those who live in the virtual world.
　　B) Those who have to work long hours.
　　C) Those who are used to online transactions.
　　D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.

　　【題型解讀】
　　選項難度和六級聽力選項一貫難度保持一致，結合樣題中的三篇演講題的選項，由長句子構成的選項明顯變得更多，對考生預習選項的能力有了更高的要求，此為難點一；由于講座、演講的內容總是和某一專業性主題相關，所以在內容上容易出現專業性較強的表述，如樣題中23題的D選項“The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.”，在閱讀選項的時候，這些選項會造成不小障礙，此為難點二。

　　樣題原文：
　　Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
　　I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.

　　23.Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, 23.still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.

　　Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.

　　Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved.

　　Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.

　　24. Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing, and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.

　　There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. 25.Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.

　　23 What is important to the success of an online store?D

　　24. What products are unsuitable for selling online?A

　　25. Who are more likely to buy groceries online? B

　　【題型解讀】
　　新六級的講座/講話聽力素材來源比較復雜，樣題中第一篇來自托福原題，第二篇來自VOA，最長的一篇原文字數達到了450詞。
　　講座/講話聽力題型的內容往往會比較專業，但是在形式上，由于是演講內容，很多時候更偏向于口語表達。這類題型同樣有著特定的行文方式和風格，考生需要靠日常多積累，多練習，方能輕松應對。

　　最后這類題型值得關注的，也是最重要的一點，樣題中幾乎所有題目的正確答案都在原文中完整被呈現出來，也就是俗稱的“聽到什么選什么”，和被取消的考查邏輯思維的短對話相比，從某種程度上說，對考生來說反而是好事。

　　三. 總結和建議
　　新四六級的聽力直接地體現出一個信號：進一步強調考生的語言能力。考生需要加強平時對英語新聞、英文講座素材的練習和積累，徹底地加強自己的英語聽說能力，才能不慌不忙地應對新題型。

　　在此推薦四級的同學可以到聽力特快網站：http://www.listeningexpress.com上去尋找適合自己的新聞聽力素材，該網站囊括了幾乎所有你能想到的英文新聞，非常全，而且均搭配了音頻和原文稿，請同學們一定好好利用。

　　六級的同學強烈建議關注公開課當中提供了大量哈佛、耶魯等名校的公開網絡課程，其中有一些難度太大，專業性太強，不建議大家聽，請選擇難度較低的，偏社會學科類別的課程進行學習和積累，另外也可以到TED的官網去聽TED演講。（新東方在線四六級名師朱杰驊老師）